Social Phobia Disorder And Social Anxiety Disorder Essay

Many people get nervous during uncomfortable events that include social interaction. Nerves can sometimes trigger anxiety during classroom interactions, job interviews, or other social events. It is almost normal to stand in front of a crowd and feel like you’re being judged constantly and tremble. There is a major difference between nerves and an anxiety disorder. When someone sufferers with social anxiety, they normally avoid situations that allow them to feel judged by others. I believe that social phobia can be resolved in some individuals but, not for everyone. The fear of embarrassment or judgment among a crowd is so overwhelming that people with this disorder try their best to avoid the situation. For people with this disorder, extreme measures to avoid these uncomfortable situations seem more fortunate than facing the fear itself. According to The Nemours Foundation, we can assume that what causes social phobia is partly due to our genetic makeup along with other aspec ts. Social phobia disorder is the least known of all anxiety disorders. Social phobia disorder, also called social anxiety disorder, is known to appear in people who fear observation in public situations (HealthGuide.org). People with this disorder fear other’s judgment of their own actions during social occasions. People with this disorder tend to appear self-conscious in uncomfortable situations and show familiar symptoms of anxiety. According to Amanda MacMillan’s article, some symptoms of anxietyShow MoreRelatedSocial Anxiety Disorder : Social Phobia Disorder1654 Words   |  7 PagesSocial anxiety is â€Å"a fear of humiliation or of being judged by others, and an avoidance of social situations where attention centers on the individual† (Martis). According to the Social Anxiety Institute, social anxiety has become the third largest psychological disorder, following depression and alcoholism (Richards). Commonly, victims of this social phobia have problems pursu ing social environments, interactions, and relationships (â€Å"Social Anxiety Disorder†). The failure to fulfill daily requirementsRead MoreSocial Phobia And Social Anxiety Disorder Essay1730 Words   |  7 PagesSocial Phobia, also called social anxiety disorder (SAD), is one of the most common, but misconstrued mental health problems in society. According to the Anxiety and Depression Association of America (ADAA), over 15 million adults suffer from the disorder. First appearing in the DSM-III as Social Phobia, and later in the DSM-IV as Social Anxiety Disorder, this newly established disorder denotes afflicting stress and anxiety associated with social situations (Zakri 677). According to James W. JeffersonRead MoreSocial Phobia Or Social Anxiety Disorder1003 Words   |  5 PagesSocial phobia or social anxiety disorder (SAD), and Avoidant personality disorder (AVPD) are both characterized by having significant interference in social situations. This essay will focus on a cognitive view to explain the similarities and differences between them. Lifetime prevalence of SAD fall between 5%-13% (Furmark, 2002; Grant et al., 2005), and 0.5%-5% for AVPD (Torgersen, Kringlen, Cramer, 2001; and Grant, Stinson, Dawson, Chou, Ruan, 2005) (as cited in Hummelen, Wilberg, PedersonRead MoreSocial Anxiety Disorder ( Social Phobia )1823 Words   |  8 Pagesbeing shy. If a child is avoiding social interaction or staying in a quiet place to escape embarrassment, they might be experiencing Social Anxiety Disorder. Other symptoms of Social Anxiety Disorder are sweating, has a racing heart, has shortness of breath, or being scared of other people that may be thinking about you being nervous then that child might be experiencing Social Anxiety Disorder. Social Anxiety Disorder, also known as Social Phobia, is a disorder that people generally experienceRead MoreSocial anxiety (or social phobia) is a disorder that alienates people and causes them to avoid600 Words   |  3 PagesSocial anxiety (or social phobia) is a disorder that alienate s people and causes them to avoid social situations at all costs. It is described by the National Institute of Mental Health as â€Å"a strong fear of being judged by others and of being embarrassed (NIMH).† This means that people with this disorder have a fear of people’s thoughts and as a result will try to isolate themselves from others. Social anxiety has a very large limit as to the things that can trigger it. It can go from the simplestRead MoreSocial Anxiety Disorder And Social Phobia1803 Words   |  8 Pages Social anxiety disorder or social phobia, is can be progressively debilitating condition which may affect individuals for the duration of their lives and with low rates of recovery among patients (Chartier, Hazen, Stein, M.B, 1998). Studies have shown that the disorder has an early onset with symptoms manifesting on average at age 16 in most adolescents. Social anxiety disorder features intense feelings of irrational fear of possible embarrassment and sc rutiny of others during social situationsRead MoreEssay on Social Phobia Disorder1149 Words   |  5 PagesSocial Phobia Social phobia is a kind of disorder, which involves fear regarding societal situations and accomplishable destructive criticism. Social phobia is the greatest general psychiatric problem in epidemiological examination, with estimation of life time occurrence in western circle as more as 16%. Common phobia generally come out in adolescence and is associated with deep distress, destruction and comorbid problem. Females in clinical trials are higher possible than males to social anxietyRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Anxiety Disorders1262 Words   |  6 Pagessociety anxiety plays a huge role in our daily lives. Imagine being in front of a crowd of people feeling nervous, anxious, and even avoiding eye contact? Many people experience these symptoms of anxiety. There are many different types of anxiety disorders. Catching early signs of complications can lead to better treatment and acknowledgment. Gaining knowledge about anxiety and some of the different types of Anxiety Disorders, l ike Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and Generalized Anxiety Disorder can beRead MoreEssay about Anxiety Disorder1082 Words   |  5 PagesAnxiety Disorder What is Anxiety? As defined by Understanding Psychology by Glencoe, Anxiety is a general state of dread or uneasiness that a person feels in response to a real or imagined danger. Anxiety affects 19 million Americans annually and anxiety disorder happens to be the most common mental illness in America. There are many different types of anxiety disorder such as: Panic Disorder, Obsessive – Compulsion Disorder, Phobias, and a few more. Although there is no cure for anxiety disordersRead MoreEssay on Anxiety Disorder and the Different Types677 Words   |  3 PagesAnxiety is the most common type of psychiatric diagnosis and brings together several disorders. These disorders cause fear, worry, panic and apprehension. Anxiety is different from fear to the extent that it is a reaction to an anticipated problem and fear is a reaction to a present problem or danger. The fear, worry, panic and apprehension caused by anxiety disorders are out of proportion. People suffering from a n anxiety disorder have difficulties coping with certain situations in life; anxiety

Analysis Of Joseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness

Joseph Conrad: The Misunderstood Feminist After reading Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad and after hearing and reading about the feminist perspective on it, I have decided to focus in on that specific theme in the novelette. While many have speculated about what Conrad is saying when it comes to woman, it has become clear to me that Conrad was in fact critiquing the way woman were treated in the 1900’s. He portrays woman as weak and incapable and out of touch through Marlow’s perspective, however, Conrad finds sly ways to make the reader rethink the stereotypes placed on the woman in the novel and women in living in the world overall. The most common detail that is brought up by those that argue that Heart of Darkness is sexist is from part one. Conrad narrates through Marlow by saying, â€Å"It s queer how out of touch with truth women are. They live in a world of their own, and there has never been anything like it, and never can be. It s too beautiful altogether, and if they were to set it up it would go to pieces before the first sunset. Some confounded fact we men have been living contentedly with ever since the day of creation would start up and knock the whole thing over. (1.28) Now, Marlow portrays woman in multiple ways, (all stereotypical) but the most common way is this. Marlow believes woman to be naà ¯ve and beautifully unaware. Many readers do not see that Conrad is using Marlow to make the reader question the common opinions about women that wereShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Joseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness1504 Words   |  7 Pagescontrol over others and can be found in both people and objects. In Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness the main character and narrator Marlow identifies a force within ivory that conveys a sense power within the enigmatic Mr. Kurtz. The African ivory trade was flourishing in the early 1900’s. Obtaining the precious object transformed some into greedy connoisseurs with endless intentions to get their hands on all of the continents ivory. Conrad shows that the power that is emitted from the ivory falls intoRead MoreAnalysis Of Joseph Conrad s The Heart Of Darkness 1801 Words   |  8 PagesAlly Jones Professor Smith English 1302 November 18, 2014 Female Roles in Joseph Conrad s the Heart of Darkness: In regards to Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness, many literature reviews focus on the motifs of Imperialism, the symbolism of darkness and fog, or the aspect of racism in Conrad’s work. During the era which Conrad wrote, England was going through the Victorian Era, which was marked by a shift in views on morality. The term â€Å"Victorian morality† is used today to describe values whichRead MoreAnalysis Of Joseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness 1713 Words   |  7 PagesMonth: January 2014 Name: Faris Khan Period: 3 Title: Heart of Darkness Author: Joseph Conrad Date started/date completed: 1/19 - 1/28 Pages read: 96/96 (Including the ten page introduction, 106/96) Rating of book (1-10): 9/10 Above you rated this book. Explain in detail why you gave this book that score: Author Joseph Conrad uses a very interesting method of narration in his novel, Heart of Darkness. The novel itself is written in first person, from the perspective of an unnamed sailor aboardRead MoreAnalysis Of Joseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness 1396 Words   |  6 PagesShelly Pyakurel Ellen Stockstill English 4 DC 27 April 2015 Research Paper Heart of Darkness is a novel by Joseph Conrad that centers on Marlow, a man who goes to the Congo for a job opportunity. He meets a man named Kurtz, who is well known by many. Once he gets to the Congo, he sees colonialism first-hand. He sees that the natives of the country were practically enslaved and forced to work under very harsh conditions. The two major characters of the novel are Marlow and Kurtz. There are many minorRead MoreAnalysis Of Joseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness1552 Words   |  7 Pagesfollowers. Historically, people have been socialized to accept and adhere to these stereotypes. Women have an important role in Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness. Women are used in this novella reflect an important aspect of culture: sexism. Heart of Darkness was originally published in 1898, a period where women were facing especially harsh discrimination. Conrad’s Heart of Darkness tells the story of Marlow, an experienced sea captain, who is setting out on a mission to rescue Kurtz, an intelligent butRead MoreAnalysis Of Joseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness1555 Words   |  7 PagesAlthough the author Joseph Conrad never met the German philosopher Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, who died more than a century before Conrad’s birth, their distinct philosophies still have numerous points of intersection, suggesting some fundamental truths within the structure of the human reality. Through the novella, Heart of Darkness, Conrad details his perspectives on the faults of man and reality as a whole, with views often coinciding with many of Leibniz’s own, as found in his numerous philosophicalRead MoreAnalysis Of Joseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness1233 Words   |  5 PagesImperialism has often been described as a light, a method to guide the uncivilized. However in Heart of Darkness, Joseph Conrad sheds true light on the subjec t. In the novel, Conrad exposes the situation in Congo during the era of Imperialism for the Europeans. Conrad reveals the exploitation of the natives through a tale of Marlow, an introspective sailor, and his nightmarish journey up the Congo River to meet a reputable European trader, Kurtz. As the life of the great Kurtz comes to a close, theRead MoreAnalysis Of Joseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness1250 Words   |  5 Pages Written in 1902, Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness follows the character Marlow in his journey up the Congo River to find the mysterious Kurtz, an ivory trader. In the story, Conrad explores the issues of colonialism and imperialism. The Company has enslaved native Congolese to help them mine for ivory and rubber in the area. The Congolese experience brutal working conditions as the company profits off their free labor. Racism is evident throughout the story with Marlow calling the blacks â€Å"savages†Read MoreAnalysis Of Joseph Conrad s Heart Of Da rkness963 Words   |  4 Pagespeople. Heart of Darkness, by Joseph Conrad, can be criticised through many different lenses. Though Natives are a large part of Conrad’s narrative of European atrocities in the Congo, his treatment of Congolese Natives throughout the book show them to be nothing more than props. Conrad skews Natives language, culture and intelligence to fit Europeans schema for Africa and Africans. Conrad’s Heart of Darkness is placed in a colonized Congo. ...despite Heart of Darkness s (Joseph Conrad) obviousRead MoreAnalysis Of Joseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness1080 Words   |  5 Pages1 Kathrine Carrasquillo Dr. David Mulry Engl 2112 Feb 13, 2017 Who is Mr. Kurtz, and what does Conrad use him for? Mr. Kurtz is the main character in Joseph Conrad s English novella, Heart of Darkness. There is no proof that Mr. Kurtz is based on a real person, so it is assumed that he is a made up character. When Mr. Kurtz is first introduced the audience learns that he is a Belgian ivory trader and he was sent to Africa by his employer for work. At first glance, Mr. Kurtz just represents a normal Analysis Of Joseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness Month: January 2014 Name: Faris Khan Period: 3 Title: Heart of Darkness Author: Joseph Conrad Date started/date completed: 1/19 - 1/28 Pages read: 96/96 (Including the ten page introduction, 106/96) Rating of book (1-10): 9/10 Above you rated this book. Explain in detail why you gave this book that score: Author Joseph Conrad uses a very interesting method of narration in his novel, Heart of Darkness. The novel itself is written in first person, from the perspective of an unnamed sailor aboard a ship called The Nellie, even though the main character is Marlow: He [Marlow] broke off [†¦] We looked on, waiting patiently—there was nothing else to do till the end of the flood (Conrad, 3). Marlow then begins his monologue, his own dialogue taking most of the novel. Marlow himself dictates the occurrences in first person, as if he is reading the book to the audience: We knew we were fated, before the ebb began to run, to hear about one of Marlow’s inconclusive experiences. ‘I don’t want to bother you much with what happened to me personally†¦ (Conrad, 9). This writing style was very intriguing, as it left room for analysis from the narrator s behalf, and occasional commentary from the anonymous seamen, which helps to explain in detail the plot of the b ook. Action in the novel is also very well-written: The tumult of angry and warlike yells was checked instantly, and then from the depths of the woods went out such a tremulous and prolonged wail of mournful fear and utterShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Joseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness1504 Words   |  7 Pagescontrol over others and can be found in both people and objects. In Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness the main character and narrator Marlow identifies a force within ivory that conveys a sense power within the enigmatic Mr. Kurtz. The African ivory trade was flourishing in the early 1900’s. Obtaining the precious object transformed some into greedy connoisseurs with endless intentions to get their hands on all of the continents ivory. Conrad shows that the power that is emitted from the ivory falls intoRead MoreAnalysis Of Joseph Conrad s The Heart Of Darkness 1801 Words   |  8 PagesAlly Jones Professor Smith English 1302 November 18, 2014 Female Roles in Joseph Conrad s the Heart of Darkness: In regards to Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness, many literature reviews focus on the motifs of Imperialism, the symbolism of darkness and fog, or the aspect of racism in Conrad’s work. During the era which Conrad wrote, England was going through the Victorian Era, which was marked by a shift in views on morality. The term â€Å"Victorian morality† is used today to describe values whichRead MoreAnalysis Of Joseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness 1396 Words   |  6 PagesShelly Pyakurel Ellen Stockstill English 4 DC 27 April 2015 Research Paper Heart of Darkness is a novel by Joseph Conrad that centers on Marlow, a man who goes to the Congo for a job opportunity. He meets a man named Kurtz, who is well known by many. Once he gets to the Congo, he sees colonialism first-hand. He sees that the natives of the country were practically enslaved and forced to work under very harsh conditions. The two major characters of the novel are Marlow and Kurtz. There are many minorRead MoreAnalysis Of Joseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness1552 Words   |  7 Pagesfollowers. Historically, people have been socialized to accept and adhere to these stereotypes. Women have an important role in Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness. Women are used in this novella reflect an important aspect of culture: sexism. Heart of Darkness was originally published in 1898, a period where women were facing especially harsh discrimination. Conrad’s Heart of Darkness tells the story of Marlow, an experienced sea captain, who is setting out on a mission to rescue Kurtz, an intelligent butRead MoreAnalysis Of Joseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness1555 Words   |  7 PagesAlthough the author Joseph Conrad never met the German philosopher Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, who died more than a century before Conrad’s birth, their distinct philosophies still have numerous points of intersection, suggesting some fundamental truths within the structure of the human reality. Through the novella, Heart of Darkness, Conrad details his perspectives on the faults of man and reality as a whole, with views often coinciding with many of Leibniz’s own, as found in his numerous philosophicalRead MoreAnalysis Of Joseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness1233 Words   |  5 PagesImperialism has often been described as a light, a method to guide the uncivilized. However in Heart of Darkness, Joseph Conrad sheds true light on the subjec t. In the novel, Conrad exposes the situation in Congo during the era of Imperialism for the Europeans. Conrad reveals the exploitation of the natives through a tale of Marlow, an introspective sailor, and his nightmarish journey up the Congo River to meet a reputable European trader, Kurtz. As the life of the great Kurtz comes to a close, theRead MoreAnalysis Of Joseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness1250 Words   |  5 Pages Written in 1902, Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness follows the character Marlow in his journey up the Congo River to find the mysterious Kurtz, an ivory trader. In the story, Conrad explores the issues of colonialism and imperialism. The Company has enslaved native Congolese to help them mine for ivory and rubber in the area. The Congolese experience brutal working conditions as the company profits off their free labor. Racism is evident throughout the story with Marlow calling the blacks â€Å"savages†Read MoreAnalysis Of Joseph Conrad s Heart Of Da rkness963 Words   |  4 Pagespeople. Heart of Darkness, by Joseph Conrad, can be criticised through many different lenses. Though Natives are a large part of Conrad’s narrative of European atrocities in the Congo, his treatment of Congolese Natives throughout the book show them to be nothing more than props. Conrad skews Natives language, culture and intelligence to fit Europeans schema for Africa and Africans. Conrad’s Heart of Darkness is placed in a colonized Congo. ...despite Heart of Darkness s (Joseph Conrad) obviousRead MoreAnalysis Of Joseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness1080 Words   |  5 Pages1 Kathrine Carrasquillo Dr. David Mulry Engl 2112 Feb 13, 2017 Who is Mr. Kurtz, and what does Conrad use him for? Mr. Kurtz is the main character in Joseph Conrad s English novella, Heart of Darkness. There is no proof that Mr. Kurtz is based on a real person, so it is assumed that he is a made up character. When Mr. Kurtz is first introduced the audience learns that he is a Belgian ivory trader and he was sent to Africa by his employer for work. At first glance, Mr. Kurtz just represents a normalRead MoreAnalysis Of Joseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness 2026 Words   |  9 Pages Ryan Li 7/22/17 AP Lit/Comp Summer Reading Heart of Darkness Heart of Darkness is written by Joseph Conrad and published in 1899. It is a novella written in the early modernism literary period. Joseph Conrad was born as Jà ³zef Teodor Konrad Korzeniowski on December three 1857 in Berdichev, Ukraine to Polish parents. He was raised and educated in Poland. After his career is the seafarer in the French and British merchant Marines, he wrote short stories which he used his experiences

Bureaucratic Organization And The Learning Process Free Essays

string(179) " There can be an amalgamation of many employee’s ideas and thoughts that could result into changes in the organization in future which would contribute towards its development\." This paper talks about a bureaucratic organization in detail. It focuses however on the learning aspect in an organization that means how conducive the entire working environment is there. This promotion of a learning environment is essential in effective growth of a company or whichever organization that undertakes the learning process as part of their work. We will write a custom essay sample on Bureaucratic Organization And The Learning Process or any similar topic only for you Order Now The argument that surrounds this entire paper is essentially that how well a bureaucratic organization deals with this aspect of efficiency by inculcating within it the process of subliminal learning. The argument arises when it is said that there is not much learning undertaken in a typical bureaucratic organization. Introduction At the onset of the industrial revolution, at the end of the eighteenth century, many small shops around villages etc. were transformed into big factories by centralizing their power. There are two main practices that are talked about when the term â€Å"bureaucratic organization† is mentioned. These two main theories are: †¢ Weber’s ideal bureaucracy †¢ Taylor’s scientific management Both these concepts talk about compartmentalization and labor resource. These two factors according the theories are very important in determining what exactly is meant by efficiency in work at the workplace. Taylor’s scientific management Taylor talked about analysis undertaken at the workplace with respect to working behavior. His study which was very detailed and conclusive, analyzed labor work at a factory where there were machines involved also. His aim was to improve efficiency while also making sure that per unit costs decrease of the output or the product/s that are being produced. The role of the research was to make sure that the human labor involved were basically machines that could be replaced or exchanged with each other when there is a lack in one’s performance for instance. (Kimble, n. d. ) His idea originated from that one time when he conducted observational studies on workers who were doing repetitive jobs. He called these repetitive jobs and the employees/ lower level factory workers tasks as â€Å"soldiering†. He claimed that an efficient way or the best method of doing each job should be determined and then taught to all the workers. This, according to him would make sure that the worker’s productivity goes up and the workers would also feel like they are indulging into quality work for the organization; thereby also leading motivating them. He said that there are many forces at work that contribute towards the actual production of output. These factors involved are the internal human characteristics, the physical environment, social atmosphere, the task itself. The task itself would involve things like the kind of work involved (manual or automated), speed with which it can be done etc. For this purpose he designed time motion studies to measure how workers contribute to the output. (Kimble, n. d. ) Taylor found out that as the products involved more and more complex, and then the workers’ productivity increased thereby too. And eventually the entire middle management of the factor itself emerged as a new layer therein. Departmentalization took place resulting into more efficient allocation of resources. (Kimble, n. d. ) The Ideal Bureaucracy – Max Weber (1864 – 1920) Max Weber was the actual proponent of bureaucracy. He talked about having a form of organization that incorporates into itself use of written and formal documents. Moreover, most people take the term â€Å"bureaucracy† as something that has monarchy or an authoritarian style of leadership or management. This is the view that Weber promoted. At the time when capitalism was very much in an influential state, concept of this type of management was introduced. It had/ has the interplay of maximization of the production or the output, while also making sure that input prices and costs are minimized. Hence, this is the point where Taylor also agrees when the latter talks about efficiency in allocation and management of resources while doing work. (Kimble, n. d. ) Weber categorized many concepts that he thought are related to this type of administration and management. These he called as the core factors or rudiments that are there in such an organization. These are: †¢ Efficiency first of all †¢ Impersonality †¢ Logical sequence of activities and events Weber further illustrated and clarified the role of bureaucracy by saying how the structure of such a firm is controlled from above. Hence, there is centralization of power only at the top and most of time no one else has any authority in making or trying to undertake any decisions involving the organization’s functions and activities. (Kimble, n. d. ) Weber said that such an organization hence has more chances of succeeding in its lifecycle development since there is no meddling of affairs in the hands of those who are not directly involved in the organization. He gave the example of the army or the forces, by saying that they have success in the performance of their goals since they have centralized authority and power at the top. This results in giving of and hence following of the direct orders of the entire team in the army. (Kimble, n. d. ) Weber proclaimed that along with the power at the top, there is also power and authority at the managing level or the â€Å"head† of each level in the hierarchy. He said such organizations are more effective and stable. (Kimble, n. d. ) Learning Process in Organizations There are many companies today that indulge in many different activities involving various perspectives. This means that they have the kind of perspectives that they think are effective to do the work that are involved in. now, putting these vague concepts together it can be said that a learning organization indulges into subliminal knowledge sharing that promotes the presence and activation of a conducive environment. Facilitation of learning on each employee’s part in an organization along with changes, results in a learning process. (Smith, 2001) There is widespread opening up of people’s capacities which mean that each individual has a fair chance of learning in the process of working for this organization. There can be an amalgamation of many employee’s ideas and thoughts that could result into changes in the organization in future which would contribute towards its development. There is inspiration, aspirations, hopes and dreams, aiming to achieve success and more and more developments in a positive way. This can be made possible when there is an adequate amount of openness that promotes giving value through each employee or the member of an organization. (Farago Skyrme, 1995) Learning levels or types: It is not just training and teaching that is part of a learning organization, rather it is also about how the development of each member’s capacities is enhanced, thereby providing benefits to the entire organization on the whole (Smith, 2001). There are different types of learning, these are: Level 1: facts, processes, procedures in learning Level 2: job skills development Level 3: adaptability to a changing environment (for the better good of the organization) Level 4: innovating and fostering people’s creativity. Characteristics of a learning organization: These are pointed out below as discussed by Smith (2001): †¢ Culture that promotes learning †¢ Processes involved that promote interaction and development of human potential by discovery †¢ Group and individual learning e. g. problem solving techniques †¢ Acquiring of skills and thereby attaining motivation So, is Bureaucracy Not Consistent with Learning? It is general notion and a common belief that a bureaucratic organization is not very welcoming of a learning environment. This is because when there is control directed at everyone from the top then there is not much learning that takes place. This is certain of the fact that usually in a bureaucratic organization the focus is on efficient control and advancement with promotion of power that the lower level workers (for each head respectively that is) are subjected to. (Smith, 2001) In most extreme cases, it is even said that these two types of organizations, learning organization and a bureaucratic organization, are two extremes of a pole. And there is often impossibility of having learning in a bureaucratic organization. In contemporary times, many companies have also focused on changing from a bureaucratic organization to a learning organization as being part of one of their main strategic aims. Many theorists have said that the commercial importance of a learning organization is also increasing with the passage of time. This also handles competition well and makes sure that efficiency is kept in line with that of the worker’s involved. (Smith, 2001) How can an Organization be made a Learning Organization? A lot has been said about organizations that run on bureaucracy, and have no or minimal aspects of learning involved. The very important question here is hence that how can organizations be made to function in a way that promotion of a learning culture is done. This could be a step by step procedure that could involve learning as part of its components while also catering bureaucracy as the main type of its management (Kline, 1997; Senge 2006). Techniques: An environment could be created that promotes such type of learning and thereby help in advancement of the organization in the most effective manner. Many things could happen including: †¢ Having an environment of inquiry and that of allowing free flow of information †¢ Creativity and allowing for innovative ideas †¢ Efficient organization and coordination of information †¢ Making quick decisions and allowing for flexibility in decision making in general †¢ Conducting observation studies to document and verify this later †¢ Making sure that new learned information and knowledge is amalgamated into the new procedures and policies to incorporate changes thereby Henceforth, it is clear that to have a bureaucratic organization changed into a learning organization if not wholly then at least partially, it is highly essential that there is a collective or a team effort to start off with. Also, there should be many teams and groups there which have easy interaction so that there is an ease in information flow. Nothing should stay hidden which can help in imparting knowledge even if it’s implicit knowledge (which is usually the case). (Farago Skyrme, 1995) Skills involved: †¢ Communication †¢ Observation and a listening atmosphere †¢ Strengthening of colleague to colleague and boss to colleague relationships †¢ Sustainment of each other at the workplace †¢ Having a holistic approach towards everything †¢ Accepting confrontations and challenges positively †¢ Accepting change †¢ Being flexible and open to new trends/ ideas †¢ Fostering one’s own development of capacities by also helping others to do so with their own Taking out elements that make an organization not a â€Å"learning† organization: This section deals with how an organization can help itself by taking out all these factors that do not extend towards the organization being able to benefit from learning and knowledge sharing. There are hence many obstacles or hindrances that can render a bureaucratic organization not take advantage of learning. The following pointers could be related to a supervisor at a bureaucratic organization. These are: †¢ Being traditional and seeing everything from the â€Å"I-own† perspective rather than from the â€Å"I-share† perspective †¢ Being too focused on systems and procedures themselves rather than being appreciative of sharing information overall †¢ Being overly rejective of change †¢ Having hidden feelings †¢ Having hidden personal goals and ideas and not sharing them †¢ Not having empowerment done †¢ Having materialistic view of everything around them Success factors in changing: There are many factors hence that can be solved when taking these into account. Some of the success factors are: †¢ Start at the top †¢ Prioritize things †¢ Be active rather than passive †¢ Do correct diagnose of acute issues †¢ Link things together †¢ Allow for mutual feedback (top to bottom, and also bottom to top) †¢ Allow for new ideas and product development †¢ Think out of the box †¢ Role-playing; this can be particularly helpful to these people who think that power is everything and now its effective usage †¢ Energizing, specializing behavior (Farago Skyrme, 1995; Kalling Styhre; 2006) Works Cited Farago J and Skyrme D. (1995) The learning organization. Retrieved November 3, 2008, from http://www. skyrme. com/insights/3lrnorg. htm Smith, M. K. (2001) The learning organization, the encyclopedia of informal education, Retrieved November 3, 2008, from http://www. infed. org/biblio/learning-organization. htm. Kimble, C. (n. d. ). Bureaucratic organizations. Retrieved November 3, 2008, from http://www. chris-kimble. com/Courses/mis/Bureaucratic_Organisations. html Huysman, M. H. and de Wit, D. H. (2002) Knowledge Sharing in Practice. Springer Kalling, T. and Styhre, A. (2003). Knowledge Sharing in Organizations Kline, P. (1997) Ten Steps to a learning organization. Great River Books Senge, P. (2006) The Fifth Discipline: The Art Practice of The Learning Organization. Double Day Business How to cite Bureaucratic Organization And The Learning Process, Essays