Regression Analysis Graduation Rate and Retention Rate

SUMMARY OUTPUT Question: Discuss about theRegression Analysisfor Graduation Rate and Retention Rate. Answer: Objective: In this report a complete study has been prepared to establish a relation between two variable factors (Graduation rate of student and their retention rate with same university). Background: One of the most challenging factors in higher education sectors have been the recent growth of online university. A complete analysis has been made for retention rate and graduation rate of students in 29 online universities. Retention rate reflects students % that are going to continue their study in same university in next year. For instance once student enrolled for particular degree in college for bachelor then his percentage of pursuing the course with same university will be shown by retention rate. On the other had Graduation rate provides total number of students who have got passed in their graduation programed. Graduation rate describes the total number of college students that have completed their degree in specified time limit. Therefore, it could be observed that retention rate and graduation rate are two important factors for evaluating how far university has improve its study program. Many researchers and other renounced persons have established a clear facts and inter dependency of two factors for study program evaluation of university. Below given analysis and graphs have been done in order to make effective use of graduation rate and retention rate of 29 online colleges in United States (Susan., 2011). Method: There are following methods used to interpret the relation between two variable (retention rate and graduation rate) e.g. mean, Standard deviation, and range and regression analysis. This analysis includes data of 29 online universities which are providing several courses to students. Standard deviation of these two variables provides significant changes in collected data which could be used to identify the uncertainly depending upon various events. In addition, correlation has been used to compute to identify degree of nexus between graduation rate and retention rate of these universities. The scatter plot has been used to point out the relation between two variables and measure both factors on the same set of individuals. The value of correlation between 0-1 depicts interdependency and movement path of two variables in determined approach. For finding out the relation between all the independent variable, graduation rate, dependent variable, retention rate regression analysis has been done. An analysis of hypothesis testing and variance has also been carried out. The Value of correlation coefficient lies between 0-1 (Ronald., 2011). Results: These two factors (Retention rate and graduation rate) have been gathered in determined approach. Retention rate and graduation rate are two variables which are used to compute Mean, standard deviation and other analysis. Table 1 Representation of Statistical figures RR (%) GR (%) Mean 57.41379 41.75862 Standard Deviation 23.24023 9.865724 Min 4 25 Max 100 61 The mean is average retention rate and graduation rate of colleges is 57.41% and 41.76% respectively. Standard deviation for the graduation and retention rate is 9.87% and 23.24% respectively. Dispersion rate is observed through mean that retention rate is lesser than graduation rate. Scatter graph has been used to interpret relation between graduation and retention rate of 29 universities. It also reflects that retention rate will move at same side by .28 % if graduation rate will move by 1 %. Scatter Graph This graph depicts the linear relation between two factors (RR, GR). It graph reflects that GR and RR are both moving at upward side. Table 2 Representation of Scatter Graph (Wang, et., al., 2017) From this diagram, it can be observed that there is a minor linear positive relationship between regression and graduation rate. Thus, it could be said that visually a linear relationship has been identified between both the variables. Correlation has been calculated and presented below. The calculation has shown that correlation coefficient is 0.67%. This provides that both retention and graduation rate have effective amount of positive relation. It reflects that if retention rate is increased then graduation rate will also increase and same will happen on the downward graph (Julian., et., al., (2011). Regression analysis has been calculated and presented below. SUMMARY OUTPUT Regression Statistics Multiple R 0.670245 R Square 0.449228 Adjusted R Square 0.428829 Standard Error 7.456105 Observations 29 ANOVA df SS MS F Significance F Regression 1 1224.286 1224.286 22.02211 6.95E-05 Residual 27 1501.024 55.5935 Total 28 2725.31 Coefficients Standard Error t Stat P-value Lower 95% Upper 95% Lower 95.0% Upper 95.0% Intercept 25.4229 3.746284 6.786166 2.74E-07 17.73616 33.10964 17.73616 33.10964 X Variable 1 0.284526 0.060631 4.692772 6.95E-05 0.160122 0.40893 0.160122 0.40893 The R square variances provide that changes in graduation rate i.e. 44.92% are completely dependent upon retention rate. ANOVA has been used to check the imperative changes in both factors. Value of equation is Graduation rate= 0.28* Retention rate + 25.42 This slop depicts that graduation rate and retention rate will move in parallel side. It also reflects that if retention rate is increase by 1 unit then graduation rate will change by .28% on the same side. Moreover, T slope has been used to evaluate the imperativeness of this scatter graph. Discussion: In this study 29 online universities have been taken to evaluate two interdependent variable factors (GR, RR). The main objective of this report is to establish relation between graduation rate and retention rate. Scatter graph depicts that Graduation and retention rate are both moving at the same parallel. However, two universities (National University, Florida national college) are reflecting 100% results in their graduation rate but have been generating less retention rate. However, standard deviation of graduation rate is more than SD of retention rate. It reflects that graduation rate of 29 online universities is more uncertain than SD of retention rate. Minimum retention rate is 4 % maximum is 100 %. On the other hand graduation rate has 25% minimum rate of students getting passed from these universities and maximum 61 % (Julian., al., 2011). Regression analysis provides .28 % of association between graduation rate and retention rate. It reflects that if retention rate is changed by 1 % then graduation rate will change by .28%. However, both factors reflect the positive changes in their functioning. Recommendation: By analyzing all the data given in the table of all 29 online universities it is observed that Florida national college and national university are having 100 graduation rates. However, retention rates are (around 60) very less comparatively. Both university should indulge in development of entertainment program and reengineer its strategic plan to retain its students in their further studies. Downward flop of retention rate will reflects the bad brand image of university in students mind. On the other hand Phoenix University must focus on its retention rate as students are leaving university in the mid of their graduation program. Therefore those Online Universities which are having low retention rate must focus on their entertainment program as well. While on the other side, university with low graduation rate should increase their student development program in determined approach. (Susan Wang, 2011). References: Wang, Y., Han, F., Zhu, L., Deussen, O. Chen, B. (2017), "Line Graph or Scatter Plot? Automatic Selection of Methods for Visualizing Trends in Time Series",IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics,, pp. 1-1. Institutional Retention and Graduation Rates for Undergraduate Students. National Center for Education Statistics. (Last Updated: May 2014) Available from: https://nces.ed.gov/programs/coe/indicator_cva.asp (Accessed on 21 Jan 2016) Julian L. Fernald ., 2011. Who leaves uc santa cruz and when? Retention and graduation among freshmen cohorts. Available from: https://planning.ucsc.edu/irps/Enrollmt/retain/RetentionStudy(Dec2011).pdf (accessed on 21 Jan 2016) Practical Steps to Improving Retention and Graduation Rates. Florida State University Student Success Team. Available from: www.hawaii.edu/offices/app/hgi/EDI_02-2013/PracticalStepsFinal.pdf (Accessed on 21 Jan 2016) Hanover Research., 2011. Improving Student Retention and Graduation Rates. Available from: www.mybrcc.edu/intranet/attachments/article/110/Improving%20Student%20Retention%20and%20Graduation%20Rates.pdf (Accessed on 21 Jan 2016) Ronald Anthony Milon., 2011 The Relationship Between Institutional Retention Plans and Retention Rates. Chapter 4 Data Collection Analysis (Page 75). Available from : https://books.google.co.in/books?id=3lvGweq5jVgCprintsec=frontcover#v=onepageqf=false (Accessed on 21 Jan 2016) Susan Wang., 2011. Retention and Graduation Rate Report Cohort Classes: Fall Term 1994 Fall Term., 2009. Oregon State University. Available from: https://oregonstate.edu/ase/firstyear/sites/default/files/pdfs/retention-graduation-summary.pdf.pdf (Accessed on 21 Jan 2016)